Role of Radiology in a Celiac Disease’s Patient Assessment

Abstract

Celiac disease (CD) is defined as a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten-containing cereals in individuals who are genetically predisposed. The symptoms of celiac disease can vary widely from person to person and may manifest differently in children and adults. The high prevalence rate of CD worldwide has necessitated efficient diagnostic and management strategies. Radiology plays a pivotal role in the comprehensive assessment of CD patients, thus aiding in early detection, disease staging, and treatment evaluation. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the diverse radiological modalities employed in the assessment of CD. The primary focus of this review lies in elaborating on the strengths and limitations of different radiological investigations in CD patients. The well-established techniques, such as plain radiography and barium studies, are explored in conjunction with the evolving technologies, such as magnetic resonance enterography (MRE), computerized tomography enterography (CTE), ultrasonography, and nuclear medicine. These advanced imaging modalities offer high-resolution visualization of the small bowel and associated structures, facilitating the identification of characteristic CD features, such as villous atrophy, mural thickening, and mesenteric lymphadenopathy. The amalgamation of conventional and cutting-edge imaging modalities empowers clinicians with valuable insights into disease progression, therapeutic response, and potential complications. As CD continues to present a diagnostic challenge, radiology stands as an indispensable ally, contributing significantly to improved patient outcomes and paving the way for personalized and effective management strategies.